interleukin 5  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: High-CBD Extract (CBD-X) in Asthma Management: Reducing Th2-Driven Cytokine Secretion and Neutrophil/Eosinophil Activity.

doi: 10.3390/ph17101382

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. CBD-X extract attenuates the differentiation and cytokine release of human T helper 2 (Th2) cells. CBD-X extract was added to isolated differentiated CD4 T cells. Then, Th2 cells were subjected to flow cytometry analysis. CBD-X-treated cells and their control cells were stained with human APC-CD4, BV421- CCR4 and FITC-CCR6. The means and standard deviations of the percentage of Th2 (CCR4+CCR6-) from CD4 population were calculated. (a) The means were calculated from three different experiments of ten healthy donors. Data were analyzed in comparison to differentiated DMSO treatment representative results for CBD-X-treated cells and their control cells are shown (b). Moreover, supernatants were collected and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL5 (c) and IL-13 (d) were detected via ELISA. The means were calculated from healthy donors (black big dot); each dot represents one case. Data were normalized to differentiated cell groups and analyzed via one-way ANOVA (Fisher’s LSD test with values p < 0.05 considered statistically significant, (* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for human IL-5, IL-13, IL-8, and IL-6 or mouse IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were obtained from R&D System (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Isolation, Flow Cytometry, Control, Staining, Comparison, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: High-CBD Extract (CBD-X) in Asthma Management: Reducing Th2-Driven Cytokine Secretion and Neutrophil/Eosinophil Activity.

doi: 10.3390/ph17101382

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. CBD-X downregulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from human neutrophils. Isolated neutrophils were treated with 2 µg/mL CBD-X. Treated cells were activated via 100 ng/mL LPS overnight. Levels of IL-8 and IL-6 (a,b) were detected via ELISA. Each colored dot represents one donor. The means were calculated from healthy donors (black big dot) and each dot represents one case. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA (Fisher’s LSD test with values p < 0.05 considered statistically significant, (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for human IL-5, IL-13, IL-8, and IL-6 or mouse IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were obtained from R&D System (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Isolation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: High-CBD Extract (CBD-X) in Asthma Management: Reducing Th2-Driven Cytokine Secretion and Neutrophil/Eosinophil Activity.

doi: 10.3390/ph17101382

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. CBD-X extract attenuates serum OVA- IgE and BALF cytokine levels in an asthma mouse model. BALB/c mice were induced with OVA and were treated with 150 mg/kg CBD-X extract. Mice were euthanized, blood and lung fluids were collected. Levels of serum OVA- IgE (a) were detected via ELISA. Alternatively, levels of the pro-inflammatory IL-4 (b), IL-5 (c), and IL-13 (d) were also detected in the lung fluids via ELISA. Each colored dot represents one mouse. Standard deviations were calculated as the means of three biologically independent experiments (black big dot); n = 10. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA (Fisher’s LSD test with values p < 0.05 considered statistically significant, (* p <0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for human IL-5, IL-13, IL-8, and IL-6 or mouse IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were obtained from R&D System (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (LGI1) Protein Stimulates Proliferation and IL-10 Production in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with LGI1 Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Encephalitis In Vitro

doi: 10.3390/ijms25052581

Figure Lengend Snippet: Native and denatured LGI1 induce production and secretion of IL-10 in PBMCs from patients with LGI1 LE but not those from healthy controls. PBMCs of 4 patients with LGI1 LE (grey bars) and 10 healthy control volunteers (white bars) were incubated with native or denatured recombinant LGI1 or with cell culture medium and supernatant of non-transfected HEK 293 cells as vehicle controls. Cell culture supernatants were harvested after 4 days, and cytokine concentrations were determined with specific ELISA. IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17 production are shown as means + SD; *** p < 0.001. Raw data are shown in .

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IFN-γ (#DIF50C), IL-5 (#D5000B), IL-10 (#D1000B), and IL-17 (#D1700) in these cell culture supernatants were determined using specific ELISA systems (bio-techne, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Incubation, Recombinant, Cell Culture, Transfection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay